Flutter：环境配置问题

2024-07-10 08:27| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

一、基本安装按照官网文档即可

https://flutter.io/docs/get-started/install/windows

flutter目前在快速迭代中，建议直接同步github上的代码即可

因为通过release的包安装的版本，也就是一个git库

二、我的安装环境为

windows 7 + vs code + android sdk

我也安装了android studio，实际可以不必安装

三、通过命令 flutter doctor 检查是否配置成功

问题一：提示No devices available

就是没有找到设备，可以用实体机，也可以用模拟器，用AVD Manager创建一个。

我是用Genymotion来创建的，相对资源占用少一点（注：Genymotion的镜像下载很慢，可以到C:\Users\xx\AppData\Local\Genymobile\genymotion.log里获得下载的地址，通过下载工具下载后，复制到C:\Users\xx\AppData\Local\Genymobile\Genymotion\ova下，即可）

问题二：X Android license status unknown.

[flutter] flutter doctor Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v): [√] Flutter (Channel stable, v1.0.0, on Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601], locale zh-CN) [!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK 28.0.3) X Android license status unknown. [√] Android Studio (version 3.2) X Flutter plugin not installed; this adds Flutter specific functionality. X Dart plugin not installed; this adds Dart specific functionality. [√] VS Code (version 1.30.1) [√] Connected device (1 available)

这个提示最碰到的，也最麻烦，查找flutter的github上的issues，一般的回答都是用flutter doctor --android-licenses，正常情况下是可以，类似这样，一路就可以了

C:\Users\xx>flutter doctor --android-licenses Warning: Observed package id 'build-tools;28.0.0-rc2' in inconsistent location 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\build-tools\28.0.0-preview' (Expected 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\build-tools\28.0.0-rc2') Warning: Observed package id 'tools' in inconsistent location 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools2' (Expected 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools') Warning: Already observed package id 'tools' in 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools'. Skipping duplicate at 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools2' Warning: Observed package id 'build-tools;28.0.0-rc2' in inconsistent location 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\build-tools\28.0.0-preview' (Expected 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\build-tools\28.0.0-rc2') Warning: Observed package id 'tools' in inconsistent location 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools2' (Expected 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools') Warning: Already observed package id 'tools' in 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools'. Skipping duplicate at 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools2' 5 of 6 SDK package licenses not accepted. 100% Computing updates... Review licenses that have not been accepted (y/N)? y

但很多情况是这样的

C:\Users\95>flutter doctor --android-licenses A newer version of the Android SDK is required. To update, run: D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools\bin\sdkmanager --update

接着按提示输入 sdkmanager --update

C:\Users\xx>D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools\bin\sdkmanager --update Warning: Observed package id 'build-tools;28.0.0-rc2' in inconsistent location 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\build-tools\28.0.0-preview' (Expected 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\build-tools\28.0.0-rc2') Warning: Observed package id 'build-tools;28.0.0-rc2' in inconsistent location 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\build-tools\28.0.0-preview' (Expected 'D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\build-tools\28.0.0-rc2') Warning: An error occurred during installation: Failed to move away or delete existing target file: D:\PlatformSDKs\android-sdk-windows\tools Move it away manually and try again.. done

会报错，是因为执行sdkmanager --update会重新创建一个tools目录。所以要改名当前的tools目录，再执行sdkmanager --update即可。另外android-sdk需要更新包，要事先更新，比如上面提示的28.0.0.rc2

四、再次执行flutter doctor

[flutter] flutter doctor Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v): [√] Flutter (Channel stable, v1.0.0, on Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601], locale zh-CN) [√] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK 28.0.3) [√] Android Studio (version 3.2) X Flutter plugin not installed; this adds Flutter specific functionality. X Dart plugin not installed; this adds Dart specific functionality. [√] VS Code (version 1.30.1) [√] Connected device (1 available) • No issues found! exit code 0

就提示 no issues了，我暂没有用android studio做flutter项目，不理android studio的提示

五、创建第一个项目 https://flutter.io/docs/get-started/test-drive?tab=vscode

问题一：第一个创建项目编译比较慢，主要是要下载gradle库，库相对大一点，很可能会超时

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Timeout of 120000 reached waiting for exclusive access to file: C:\Users\xx\.gradle\wrapper\dists\gradle-4.10.2-all\9fahxiiecdb76a5g3aw9oi8rv\gradle-4.10.2-all.zip

C:\Users\xx\.gradle\wrapper\dists 这个目录有自动下载各种版本的gradle包。

你可以更改，gradlew.bat中的set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar 为某一个grable版本

你也可以多试几次，或者手动下载gradle-4.10.2-all.zip，然后复制到上面的目录中

比如

https://downloads.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-4.10.2-all.zip

问题二：E/flutter ( 2578): [ERROR:flutter/shell/gpu/gpu_surface_gl.cc(85)] Failed to setup Skia Gr context.

发现设备的android api版本小于19，就会报这个错误，也就是android的版本要4.4版以上

看了github上的issues，应该是一个bug，社区已发现这个bug，应该不久就会修复了

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